Japan's Sewerage System Expansion and Water Quality Conservation - February 1996

Background and Current Situation:
As of the end of 1994, Japan's sewerage system coverage reached 51%. However, this coverage varies significantly by region. While the coverage rate in major metropolitan areas, such as designated cities, is as high as 95%, it remains at 39% in ordinary mid-sized cities and as low as 14% in towns with populations of less than 50,000.

Importance of Sewerage Development:
The sewerage system collects and treats wastewater and rainwater from homes and factories, purifying it before discharging it into rivers and seas. The development of this system is essential for improving living conditions, maintaining public health, and conserving water quality. Particularly in densely populated areas, lack of a sewerage system can lead to direct discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers, causing water pollution and potentially harming the health of residents and ecosystems.

Challenges in Rural Areas:
Rural areas and smaller cities have significantly lagged in sewerage system development. This delay is partly due to lower population densities and the high costs of installation, which place considerable financial strain on local governments. However, sewerage system expansion is critical even in these regions to protect water quality. In particular, wastewater from livestock farming can contribute to water pollution, necessitating the spread of sewerage systems as a countermeasure.

Future Goals:
The Japanese government aims to increase the national average sewerage system coverage to 70% by the year 2000 and further to 90% in the early 21st century. Achieving this goal requires accelerating sewerage system development, not only in urban areas but also in rural regions. Local governments, with the support of national subsidies and technical assistance, need to formulate and implement efficient development plans.

Impact on Water Quality Conservation:
Expanding the sewerage system enables proper wastewater treatment, leading to improved water quality in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. This improvement helps protect the habitats of aquatic organisms, thus maintaining the overall health of ecosystems. Additionally, purified water can be reused, promoting the sustainable management of water resources.

Technical Challenges:
Developing the sewerage system involves more than just laying pipes; it also requires establishing wastewater treatment facilities and improving sludge treatment methods. Additionally, building a resilient infrastructure to withstand disasters such as earthquakes and floods is a crucial challenge. Addressing these technical challenges is necessary to introduce an efficient and environmentally friendly sewerage system.

14-Marine Pollution by Industrial Wastewater-September 1995

Marine pollution by industrial wastewater became a particularly serious issue during Japan's period of rapid economic growth (1950s to 1970s). During this time, Japan underwent rapid industrialization, but factory wastewater discharged into surrounding rivers and seas led to severe environmental problems.

1. Notable Case: Pollution of Urayasu Fishing Grounds
In 1958, the fishing grounds in Urayasu, Chiba Prefecture, were polluted by wastewater from Honshu Paper's Edogawa plant. The wastewater contained harmful chemicals, devastating the fishing grounds. Angered by the situation, fishermen stormed the factory in a direct protest. This incident highlighted the severity of marine pollution caused by industrial wastewater and received widespread media coverage.

2. Enactment of the Water Pollution Control Law and Factory Wastewater Regulation Law
The Urayasu incident prompted the Japanese government to recognize the need for legal measures to protect the environment. In response, the Water Pollution Control Law and the Factory Wastewater Regulation Law were enacted in 1958, setting standards for regulating factory wastewater to prevent environmental pollution.

However, these regulations did not immediately take effect, as the management and monitoring systems were not fully established. As a result, the effectiveness of these laws was initially limited, and marine pollution around industrial zones and major cities remained a significant problem, continuing to affect the fishing industry.

3. Impact of Pollution
The harmful substances in industrial wastewater, including heavy metals, chemicals, and oil, had severe impacts on marine ecosystems. These pollutants affected marine life, and as a result, people who consumed fish from the contaminated areas experienced health problems. Marine pollution also dealt a significant blow to the economies of communities dependent on fishing.

4. Long-term Effects and Current Situation
The impact of marine pollution caused by industrial wastewater persisted for a long time. However, with efforts by the government, local authorities, and companies, the situation improved from the 1970s onward as environmental awareness grew. Today, strict environmental regulations and technological advancements have significantly reduced the occurrence of marine pollution from industrial wastewater.

Nevertheless, environmental issues continue to exist, particularly concerns about new pollution from microplastics and chemicals. Ongoing efforts to strengthen environmental protection are necessary, and balancing industrial activities with environmental conservation remains a critical challenge.

Innovation in Water Treatment Technology - August 20, 2002 - present (2024)

In efforts to innovate sludge reduction technology, the generation of sludge during wastewater treatment is an unavoidable issue. However, with the increasing burden on final disposal sites and the rising costs of waste treatment, technologies that reduce sludge generation have garnered attention. One such example is the "HMC System" developed by Goda Water Treatment Technology Institute. This system utilizes a complex fermentation-type microbial group with superior self-digesting properties to decompose sludge, ultimately eliminating it. This technology is easy to implement in existing facilities by simply adding sludge delivery pipes and treated water return pipes. At Sanrio Puroland, this system reduced sludge treatment costs from 9 million yen annually to 1.5 million yen. Additionally, the cost of chemicals used in sludge treatment was eliminated, resulting in an overall annual savings of approximately 6 million yen. The technology has already been introduced at 12 sites, mainly in the livestock industry, and is expected to continue to spread in the future. By lowering the initial cost through a payment model based on the savings achieved, the system reduces barriers to adoption. Thus, innovation in water treatment technology is seen as a crucial approach to achieving both environmental impact reduction and cost savings.

Current Status of Water Treatment Technology - August 13, 2024

Modern sludge reduction technology has advanced further. Anaerobic Digestion (AD) technology is widely adopted as a crucial method for generating renewable energy such as methane and hydrogen from sludge while reducing carbon emissions. In AD technology, the efficiency of the process is heavily reliant on pre-treatment of sludge, and research is ongoing into physical, chemical, and biological pre-treatment methods.

Additionally, a new facility in Tokyo is now operational, which gasifies sludge at high temperatures to produce pure hydrogen. This technology simultaneously addresses sludge treatment and the production of renewable energy, contributing to carbon-neutral fuel generation. Furthermore, in China, efforts are underway to reduce carbon emissions during sludge treatment, with an emphasis on resource recovery and the utilization of renewable energy.

These technological advancements continue to evolve, enabling more efficient resource use while mitigating environmental impact.

"The Development and Future Prospects of Seawater Desalination Technology" - August 20, 2007

"The Development and Future Prospects of Seawater Desalination Technology" - August 20, 2007

Seawater desalination technology is a method used to convert seawater into potable water or water suitable for agricultural use. This technology is gaining attention as a crucial solution to address global water resource shortages. Seawater desalination is particularly utilized in regions with limited water resources and in areas where population growth is expected to increase water demand.

Main Technologies and Processes

1. Reverse Osmosis (RO):
- Reverse osmosis is the most widely used technology in seawater desalination. By passing seawater through a reverse osmosis membrane, salt is removed, producing fresh water. This method has become more economical as membrane performance and energy consumption have improved.
- Japanese companies like Asahi Kasei and Toray have been advancing this technology, improving membrane durability and removal efficiency through ongoing research.

2. Multi-Stage Flash Distillation (MSF):
- MSF involves evaporating seawater and then condensing it to obtain fresh water. While energy-intensive, this method is commonly used in large-scale desalination plants. It is widely adopted in Middle Eastern countries.

3. Electrodialysis:
- Electrodialysis uses an electric field to selectively move salt ions, producing fresh water. This method consumes less energy compared to reverse osmosis, making it suitable for smaller-scale plants.

Developments and New Technologies

Recent technological innovations have reduced costs and improved energy efficiency in seawater desalination. For example, Asahi Kasei has enhanced its hollow fiber membrane-based seawater desalination system for the Chinese market, contributing to the sustainable supply of water resources. Additionally, hybrid systems combining reverse osmosis with other treatment technologies have been developed, enabling more efficient and economical desalination.

Moreover, the application of new materials and nanotechnology has significantly improved membrane durability and salt removal rates. This has led to lower operational costs for desalination plants and is expected to drive further adoption.

Market and Future Outlook

The market for seawater desalination technology is expanding, particularly in arid regions such as the Middle East and North Africa. In these areas, desalination is essential for ensuring a stable water supply without relying on groundwater or river water. As global water resource scarcity continues to escalate, the importance of seawater desalination technology is expected to grow.

Japanese companies hold a technological advantage in this field and are continuing their research and development efforts to enhance their competitiveness in the international market.

An environmental consultants from United Kingdom 1999.06.15

Three years ago, when Japan companies were increasing their interest in environmental ISO, the environmental consultants from United Kingdom said they would this. "When we think about the improvement of the environment within factories and offices, first of all, our efforts to prevent air pollution are very advanced, and there is no curtain for us to come out Japan." In the case of Japan, in the midst of severe anti-pollution measures, the prevention technology of excellence was acquired compared with other countries. He says, "not only Japan, but the business related to air pollution prevention in Asia is impossible from the beginning. In a word, "air" is held from the beginning to the Japan ".

It was strange to say. Afterwards, he devised the consulting related to water treatment to the municipality and the factory of Japan. However, the result in the Japan seems to have been one now. The reason is that non-competitive dealings are bulrush. On the other hand, I heard that it achieved considerable results in Asia. One day, I learned that in the survey material of the OECD (Economic Development Cooperation Organization), the impetus for the pollution and environmental efforts in developing countries would be one guideline for the country's GDP. When the GDP 2000 dollar was achieved, it was the one of stepping on the order of the water supply, drainage, sewage treatment, the waste, and the atmosphere when the effort began in order of the top, bottom, drainage, and waste, and it became GDP 15000 dollars.

He is now actively proposing "environmental accounting" in Japan, while he began consulting for land evaluation in the factory. The idea is to investigate and analyze soil contamination and to apply environmental standards to the real estate valuation of land in the factory site, including the site of the factory. I had a glimpse of the willingness to do business of foreign affiliated company.

By the way, environmental consultants such as environmental ISO, ESCO Business, and Eco Hotel have landed in Japan one after another. One of Japan companies has been taking a weak point in environmental consideration. Such a trend will continue in the future. Compared with the technical system in the environmental business field of Japan, the market size of the humanities is about 1.5 trillion yen of about one sixteenth. In order to become an environmental nation, it is necessary to have such ideas of foreign affiliated company.

Due to deforestation, the Yangtze River floods 1998.9.15

Due to long-term flooding in the Yangtze River basin, China's experts say that the cause is the view of environmental destruction caused by deforestation. The view that the water retention capacity of the basin decreases by the decrease of the forest, and the sediment inflow of topsoil pushes up the change going to the riverbed. The forest area ratio of the Yangtze River basin decreased from 22% in the 1950s to 10% in the 1980s. The nagae was always clouded by the sediment inflow, and the voice of romantic "Nagae became the second Yellow River".

Business with global warming

The market for energy conservation, power saving, self-power generation, and storage of renewable energy is rapidly expanding, as the mainstream of the Japan earthquake and disaster waste treatment after the Tepco nuclear power plant accident, and the radioactive disasters continue to be not relying on nuclear power plants. The environmental business is formed as an all-participating market for the first to third-order industries. In the industrial world, the movement of the nuclear power plant has accelerated in the early and the government's nuclear policy. In the domestic environmental business market, it is the "resource and energy securing" of the pure domestic environment which is listed as the growth field which can be expected in the future. As a result, the industry expansion in these fields will lead to prevention of global warming and low carbon. Therefore, the global warming business is one of the opportunities for the creation of business in the environment, but it does not become the starting point of the idea of business creation. Because climate change is not a global warming phenomenon, global warming and low-carbon business opportunities will not be derived.

The original significance of environmental business The purpose of environmental business is to develop an environment that includes natural and ecological systems for the realization of a sustainable and prosperous society for the future generations, but for the past seven or eight years, environmental business has been emphasizing the "living environment" of the current generation of amenity-oriented It is beginning to deviate from the original meaning. In the political world, the borders of territorial, territorial waters and airspace are thriving, and the deterioration of the global environment related to human fate is indifferent. It is time to sincerely ask that the 21st century is the century of the environment.

Biomass - Usage of tall size of local resources ①

I think that the use of biomass should be the subject of heat use. In fact, we live in an old house in Satoyama, have a bath, a kitchen, and a heating for firewood, but we need roughly 10kg a day for one agricultural container. Because the amount of heat changes in serrata, Cedar, and cypress, it is not to be said unconditionally. Because it is a warm Shizuoka, 10kg in winter, about half in summer.
　By the way, the furnace of "Love Agriculture Furnace" is developed after the war and the efficient furnace is made, and it uses it. The current housing consumption is 80 giga Joules. This is the kerosene equivalent of 6 liters a day. The wood pellets are about half the amount of heat of kerosene. 10kg = about 10 liters, so the firewood is about 5 liters of kerosene.
I think it's a reasonable line. The specific gravity of cypress is 0.41 t/m3. That is, it weighs 410kg per cubic metre. If it was roughly 400kg, 0.025 cubic meters. Roughly, it becomes a log of 40 cm in diameter and about 30cm in height. I can understand this size as a feeling. It is 3650kg per year, even if it is 10kg per day throughout the year. About nine cubic meters.

　I think the summer is about 6 cubic meters. The solar water heater has not been applied yet, but Shizuoka has a high weather rate, so it is not necessary to cook the vacuum tube in winter. With a solar water heater, the amount of firewood per year will be about 4.5 cubic meters. 1.8 m x 1.5 m x 0.4 m = 1.008 cubic meters of shelves should be five minutes.

Main factors of eco business market growth①

The domestic environmental business market currently has 10,000 companies, and business items are expanding to around 900 and all industries. They are all part of the participatory aspect.

That is one of the growth factors of the market.

　Four entry forms for entering the market. The first is "greening the production line". That is, the production line or energy saving, not to discharge the waste as much as possible from the production line, also aims to recycle, and the like to prevent water pollution with not out the sewage outside. In this effort, each company has a large number of environmental engineering department, which has zero emissions, energy saving, and emission control of hazardous substances, and it is not uncommon for major companies to spin it off. And, the business to sell the green technology, the know-how and the experience that it created here to the other companies is not to have begun now.

The second is "greening existing products". Products that are currently traded in the world are rapidly advancing green. These days, low-pollution automobiles and energy-saving consumer electronics products are natural. In other words, we create environmentally friendly products such as energy saving and resource saving of conventional products, adoption of recycled materials, and suppression of use of hazardous substances. Thus, the load on the environment can be further reduced.

The third is the application of "core technology (business) to environmental technology (business)". This is a common case for small and medium-sized businesses, and it is our stance to apply the core and elemental technology accumulated in our company to environmental technologies. The result is, for example, making a recycling device. The case where the solar cell was made by Si (silicon) which was the leading part of the semiconductor is mentioned as a typical example.

And the fourth is "M&A (Mergers and Acquisitions), a patent takeover." This is a case in which a company buys another company which is good at environmental technology, and as a result of the acquisition, the acquisition of related patents becomes a powerful weapon in the business entry. Recently, Panasonic, a manufacturer of energy-saving home appliances, has acquired Sanyo Electric, a typical example. Sanyo Electric is known as a manufacturer of rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion batteries. For example, considering the use of natural power to accumulate unstable renewable energy in the storage battery, it is expected to be a significant demand for M&A.

We couldn't find any cases concerning the success of biomass power generation. ① 2018.12.01

< About Woody biomass power generation >

Last year in 2017, we looked at the first international Biomass Power generation exhibition at Tokyo Big Sight.

As the renewable energy fixed price purchase system (FIT) and power liberalization became the lure of water, the venue was exhibited many power generation related facilities, and the number of visitors was many, especially in the event that the power generation business using woody biomass in various parts of Japan was started. The difficulty of woody biomass power generation of woody biomass power generation is as far as the success case of the business to be able to take profit is close to zero.Looking at this exhibition, the biomass power generation business of the Japan, in fact, was a subsidy project in the past and the present, and it seemed that it was still far ahead to become independent as the power supply which was able to take profit on a roll on a commercial base. In the case of woody biomass power generation, the purchase price of Japan fit is 32 yen per 1kw in unused timber. I hear that this is a case in which a chip of 12000 yen per ton is made a fuel in the 5MW facility by the steam turbine. However, the business operation is difficult though it set the purchase price of 42 yen last year in a smaller power generation facility than this. Therefore, the electric power of the equipment cannot help becoming a large equipment. Large-scale equipment can reduce the cost of electricity, which is more profitable. Many large-scale power generation facilities are exhibited in the venue on this day, and the introduction has been proposed and planned.

However, the reality is severe. If it becomes possible to introduce a large-scale equipment that only the priority of the thermal use than power generation is not recoverable cost high, and the equipment operation, to operate the business, the collection of the current woody biomass resources, and considering various circumstances such as efficient energy use,
The sustainable power generation business is a difficult and unreasonable story even if the subsidy is used.　So, what should I do? The answer is one.
First of all, the proper use of woody biomass based on the current situation is not the first form of power generation, and it seems that the priority of thermal use is high solid business profitability. In United Kingdom, we removed woody biomass from fit and started buying a fixed price instead of heat.

The season when the dense fog PM2 5 is coming②

The serious PM2 and five problems in such China will have to be expected not to be able to be finished in a mere "fire on the opposite shore", and to receive an enormous influence Japan for the future. PM2-5, which is the source of China's origin, has always flown to the Japan westerly. In the Kanto region, there has been no warning from the reason why observations do not reach the level of attention.

However, in western Japan, which is close to China, the each province has been carefully aroused since March of this year. The symposium, which is titled "The Road to ecological civilization and green Development" (jointly sponsored by Seika Univ., Nomura Research Institute), is held in China by scholars and experts of the day, and the improvement of the environmental law of the Chinese PM2. The center is centered on discussions within the scope of the investigation of compensation and remedies for pollution victims. According to the Professor Zhang Gon of Seika, the environmental measures involved the interests of the government departments and companies, "it is difficult to actually execute the relevant law" at present. The Chinese government is less concerned about the impact on the Japan of PM2 and 5. Japan government also does not try to touch deeply about PM2 5.

There seems to be a meeting at the level of practitioners, but we have not been reported on the content. In such a time, PM2 and 5 from China are surely diffused into the Japan islands, and it is undermining our health. In addition, it binds with moisture in the air, and if it rains, it becomes "acid rain", sunlight to the earth, and destroys the natural environment. It is called "Aerial demon" in China. If you continue to leave this state, not only Japan, Korea, Taiwan such as neighboring countries will be the hardest hit is no doubt.

Health damage, of course, forests wither, farmland and lakes acidified, the structure of the building and buildings-it leads to such a serious situation to deteriorate to the battered by acidified.

It is not the conclusion of "Japan-China PM2 5 Diffusion Prevention Treaty" in both countries between Japan and China in daytime to hear the mask for the PM2 and 5 measures not to be able to sell production to fly at the concession shop at the airport in the Beijing line. The Japan holds the world's largest desulfurization, denitration technology, and exhaust gas countermeasure technology.

It is an urgent task to share these technologies in both countries and to achieve new technological innovations. Century in the 21st century the environment. It is an important issue that the global environmental preservation and conservation which traces the aggravation should be the highest priority, and is not the age of the demarcation of the territory of the twentieth century type and the territorial waters?

Paradigm shift in the century of the environment

Environmental degradation rapidly advances in the 21st century. The Japan, which has reached the extension line of manufacturing, has become an environmental technology nation capable of exporting and transferring a variety of equipment and equipment.

This transition that has been traced can contribute to the Asian farming region and is fulfilled in the national interest. The current administration is trying to export a war-inducing weapon that inspires the "maximum incentive for environmental destruction" and a high environmental risk nuclear power plant as a national policy. Environmental and pollution problems are inevitable in developing countries such as China and Asia as industrialization and urbanization.

When we think about it, the standing position which should contribute naturally is clear, and the international credibility and the national interest of Japan can be demonstrated here. The twentieth Century is the "Century of the Environment" in which a sustainable economy and society are required to share the Earth's goods fairly in the days of the Territory, military alliance to delineate territorial waters, and trade treaties.

Environmental risk aversion is not merely a response to changes in the natural environment, but also a comprehensive view of the environmental risks of a highly environmentally-intensive war. The environmental industry is different from the weapons and nuclear power industries by some companies, and they are expanding to all industries and small and medium-sized companies in primary, secondary and tertiary industry.

Understanding CO2 circulation on a global scale 1998.09.15

30 organizations in the Ministry Geological Survey and other government and academia began joint research to clarify CO2 circulation mechanism on a global scale. We investigated the growth and vegetation distribution of plants mainly in the western Pacific water temperature, chloroplasts, Japan and China, and estimated the primary production volume of global carbon in 4KM square. In addition, we observe the carbon balance other than photosynthesis, such as methane gas generated from soil and sedimentation of plankton to the seabed. Plan to create a carbon cycle map of the Earth in the fifth fiscal year.

What is food traceability

Producer information is not provided to consumers in the normal major distribution.

In other words, I think that the safety and security of food are ensured in the relationship between the tall size that can be trusted by the person who makes me and eats me.

* Traceability [traceability] is to clarify the process of cultivation, breeding, processing, manufacturing, and distribution to ensure food safety.

In order to ensure their traceability, the relationship between producers and consumers in the field of food is being made visible.

Speaking about antibiotics disease prevention, for example fish, aquaculture such as pigs. Fish farming in like fish tank is an antibiotic pickle for disease prevention. Naturally, a deformity fish comes out. I hear that the deformity is turned to the revolving sushi cut chunks. In the case of pig farming, the administration of antibiotics is inevitable. The swine farming, which is shipped in March and May, is also used for antibiotics, and many are still in pneumonia.

Some mind feed makers do not use antibiotics to promote human health, and some are promoting lactic acid feed.
However, there is a fight of the production cost, and it seems to be difficult to spread. When we consider food problems, including foods loss, we cannot improve food producers-consumer (virtual water accompanying import and export).

Solar power is for heat use 1

The Sun should be considered as the use of solar heat as well as light.

● Solar thermal Water heaters renewable Energy (natural energy) is a representative of solar power that utilizes solar light. The system which buys the whole amount of power obtained from there becomes a tail wind, and the solar power generation rapidly spread and expanded in recent years. Solar power will continue to run as a top runner in renewable energy. The energy use using the heat of the sun is attracting attention to the method of electric conversion of this solar light again. The solar heat is collected by the collector, etc., and it tries to use it as a heat source of hot water and heating.

● For example, when used in hot water, energy conversion efficiency (heat collection efficiency) is 40% or more, and has a much higher power than the conversion efficiency of 10% solar light. If the use facility is hot water in the possibility of increasing the solar water heater, it is the one that the hot water of 60 ℃ or more can be obtained in summer. A standard solar water heater (6 ㎡ of heat collector area and 300L) can reduce the energy consumed by the general household in hot water for one year by about 95% (approximately 455L in terms of kerosene). The office which uses electricity and kerosene, etc. To change water to hot water if it thinks is not a little. The golf course, the sports facilities, the geriatric care facilities, etc. are used for the hot water in the bath, the shower, and the hot water etc., and are overwhelmingly more than energy consumption such as other lights and air conditioners. In other words, the solar water heater is energy-saving, and energy costs are reduced.

The 21st century is the era of hydrogen civilization 4 - mobile devices and methanol cartridge

4. Increased use of mobile devices.

The 21st century is said to be "the age of Hydrogen civilization" in the 21st century, and its efforts are accelerating toward that era. The core of the technology is the fuel cell (FC: FUELCELL). A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical potential energy (energy stored in molecular bonds) into electrical energy.

Fuel cells that can be used for longer periods of time than conventional batteries used in mobile phones, personal computers, and other mobile devices have been developed by electrical products and telecommunication equipment manufacturers. I hear that demand is surged to come here with the expanding mobile device market. However, the method of reacting the air with methanol is common, and it is now a bottleneck that it is difficult to bring in the methanol cartridge of the hydrogen collection to the airplane etc. by terrorism measures. In Japan, a resource small country that relies on foreign countries for the majority of the hydrogen harvesting energy resources from non-fossil fuels, we can secure resource security if we can collect hydrogen from "water resources" and "biomass" which can be domestically and procured domestically. In Japan, it seems that the "Hydrogen society" spread is in accordance with the national interest above all. This country is at a turning point in its energy policy.

About Woody biomass power generation 2017 ①

Last year in 2017, I looked into the "1st International Biomass Power Generation exhibition" at Tokyo Big Sight.

As the renewable energy fixed price purchase system (FIT) and power liberalization became the lure of water, the venue was exhibited many power generation related facilities, and the number of visitors was many, especially in the event that the power generation business using woody biomass in various parts of Japan was started.

● Difficulty of woody biomass power generation. The success stories of woody biomass power generation in Japan as a profitable business are as close to zero as ever. Looking at this exhibition, the biomass power generation business of the Japan, in fact, was a subsidy project in the past and the present, and it seemed that it was still far ahead to become independent as the power supply which was able to take profit on a roll on a commercial base. In the case of woody biomass power generation, the purchase price of Japan FIT is 32 yen per 1Kw in unused timber. I hear that this is a case in which a chip of 12000 yen per ton is made a fuel in the 5Mw facility by the steam turbine. However, the business operation is difficult though it set the purchase price of 42 yen last year in a smaller power generation facility than this. Therefore, the electric power of the equipment cannot help becoming a large equipment. A large-scale facility can reduce the cost of power generation, which increases profitability. Many large-scale power generation facilities are exhibited in the venue on this day, and the introduction has been proposed and planned.However, the reality is severe.

● The priority of the use of heat than power generation. When it comes to introducing large-scale equipment, it is impossible to recover costs, and to operate facilities and business, considering the current circumstances of the collection of woody biomass resources, efficient use of energy, etc., The sustainable power generation business is a difficult and unreasonable story even if the subsidy is used.　So, what should I do? The answer is one. First of all, the proper use of woody biomass based on the current situation is not the first form of power generation, and it seems that the priority of thermal use is high solid business profitability. In United Kingdom, we removed woody biomass from FIT and started buying a fixed price instead of heat.

Solar power is for heat use 2

The heat collector to collect the solar heat that can be used for cooling in the summertime, water to be accumulated in water, it can be roughly divided into air type to store in the air, water type is possible to retrofit to the existing facility, whereas the air type of building integrated is the advantage that can be used directly heating the air warmed.
In addition, heat storage tank and water storage tank for leveling the heat demand balance caused by the gap in the time zone of heat utilization and heat collection, heat exchanger, and performs a hot water and heating in combination such as a boiler, further heat can be chemically converted to air conditioning in the summertime. As a promising industry for nuclear power plants, the use of solar heat is affected by the rise in crude oil prices due to the second oil crisis in 1979. Although demand increased at that time, the subsided of oil prices continued to peak around 1980. The due of the great East Japan earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear power plant, the effective means of combating global warming, and attracting attention again as a promising industry.

Geothermal power equals 10 nuclear reactors

<Nuclear power is not at your feet. Geothermal energy >

● In addition to renewable energy such as solar and wind, it is the geothermal power that attracts attention in recent years as a local consumption energy. In volcanic countries and Japan, geothermal power generation capacity is a big energy resource that is twice the current wind and three times the solar light. Moreover, the CO2 emitted by power generation is a clean energy which contributes to measures against global warming at about one-twentieth of thermal power generation and the same low level as hydroelectric power generation. The hot water resources required for Japan geothermal power generation is 33 million liters in the world, with a power generation capacity of 10 nuclear reactors.

● Geothermal power generation is the one to turn the turbine directly with steam taken out from deep underground.In the thermal power plant, it can be said that the Earth plays the role of the boiler in geothermal power generation while steam is generated by the heat by the combustion of coal, oil, and LNG. As for geothermal power generation, the period leading to the investigation and the development and the operation of excavation etc. up to now has a drawback that the running cost becomes high after all, and the development trader was limited. Therefore, the country has been urging deregulation measures to support the initial investment from the 1990s and to commercialize it in a national park with a lot of geothermal spots. The expansion of these support systems, according to the Ministry of Economics, has set the goal that the amount of geothermal power generation can be developed up to 1.2 million kw in 20 years and 1.9 million kw in 30 years.By the way, the total output of global geothermal power generation is predicted to swell to 200 million kw in 50 years.The center of the market is Southeast Asia and Africa.

　The "Paris agreement" measures global warming since 2020, and the business opportunities for geothermal power generation are increasing. By the way, the amount of geothermal power used in Japan is ninth in the world. 70% of the world's geothermal power turbines are made Japan of high technology. To sell the nuclear power plant that is suspicious and dangerous to the world Japan the government buys the world's Lost Laughs (* _ *)

The 21st century is the era of hydrogen civilization 1 - the fuel cell

The 21st century is said to be "the age of Hydrogen civilization" in the 21st century, and its efforts are accelerating toward that era. The core of the technology is the fuel cell (FC: FUELCELL). There are three flows depending on the application. One is stationary type for home and business use. The second is for automotive vehicles and is already attracting attention as a fuel cell vehicle. The third is for mobile devices such as laptops and mobile phones. I tried to chase the fuel cell technology innovation is rapid progress. The principle of the fuel cell and the fuel cell, if you put simply "electrolysis of water" was reversed. That is, it is okay if oxygen and hydrogen are combined in the air. In "Electrolysis of water", hydrogen and oxygen are generated through the current in the water that melts the electrolyte, in the fuel cell, it causes the chemical reaction by sending the hydrogen to the electrode which sandwiched the electrolyte and oxygen to the other electrode, and generates water and electricity. The fuel cell is a device which creates "hydrogen" that is attracting attention as an inexhaustible, clean energy (main discharge is water) unlike conventional fossil fuels where the depletion property is high and the environmental load is inevitable. This is an important energy resource if you look at more than 90% of the energy resources Japan you rely on overseas. The fuel cell has a solid polymer type and a solid oxide type.