146-China Losses Due to Environmental Pollution-September 2006

**Losses Due to Environmental Pollution**
In 2004, environmental pollution in China caused losses equivalent to 3.05% of GDP, estimated at approximately 511.8 billion yuan. Water pollution accounted for the largest share, reaching 55.9% of the total, followed by air pollution at 42.9%.

These economic losses include not only direct environmental cleanup costs but also indirect impacts such as health damage, agricultural effects, and industrial production declines. The government invested about 1.18% of GDP in countermeasures, which is less than half of the required investment.

Water pollution is a particularly severe problem across China, with rivers and lakes becoming increasingly contaminated. Improper treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater has led to the pollution of water resources, significantly affecting agricultural and drinking water supplies. Additionally, air pollution, especially in urban areas, has resulted in high concentrations of PM2.5 and SO2, leading to an increase in respiratory diseases.

These losses due to environmental pollution are a consequence of short-term economic growth, highlighting the need for stricter regulations and sustainable countermeasures. It is crucial to enhance incentives for environmental protection and establish a system where businesses and citizens actively engage in conservation efforts.

Low-pollution coal using agricultural wastes 1998.09.15

The experiment to make use of the molded charcoal which mixed the residue of crops such as corn into coal started in China. Keio University, the University of Tokyo, and the Central Electric Power Research Institute have collaborated with the Chinese side to set up and operate the molding charcoal manufacturing equipment in two cities such as Shenyang City. This molded charcoal is called bio-briquette, which is hardened with high pressure mixed with corn charcoal, wood scraps and slaked lime in coal powder. Slaked lime can fix sulfur content and significantly inhibit SOx generation.

”Learning from Ancestors”

The United Nations University Institute for Sustainability and Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS) inaugurated the traditional Knowledge Initiative in 2007 to build further understanding and recognition of traditional knowledge and to convey initiatives by indigenous peoples, local communities and policymakers. The initiative studies the use of indigenous peoples ' current practices and the knowledge they have cultivated for many years. Research on the initiative is extremely important for a world where widespread development has caused so many problems.

In fact, modern society should be able to learn valuable insights and lessons from past indigenous societies on how to use resources efficiently and how to improve waste management systems. Between 2000 and 2050, the world's population is projected to increase by 50%, the world's economic activity is 500%, and the world's energy and resource utilization is 300%. These trends will stress more on the resources and Environment of the Earth, which is already multiplying a significant load. During the 1992 Earth Summit, world leaders warned that "the main reason for the constant deterioration of the global environment is the steady increase in the production and consumption and disposal of goods."

At the same time, the Rio Declaration affirmed that the "green economy" policy against sustainable development and the eradication of Poverty promotes sustainable and inclusive economic growth and promotes sustainable consumption and production. Resource utilization and waste management tend to be significantly different in developed and developing countries. If human life and society have unlimited abundance, the resources consumed and the waste produced (solid and liquid) will be many. Therefore, developed countries consume more energy, water, metal and plastic than developing countries. In the data of the World Bank of 2012, it was seen so.
The average American resident is 3.5 kg of waste per day, but for some African urban residents, less than 200 grams per person per day. In the initiative, the rate of waste generation in developed countries also shows a trend of stabilization or gradual increase. This trend reflects the maturity of the economic system of the industrialized nations and reflects a gradual increase or decrease in population. In order to ensure that economic growth does not lead to an increase in waste as it is, advanced countries have proposed efforts to improve resource efficiency and maximize the use of waste countermeasures, reuse and recycling.

On the other hand, in developing countries, the rate of waste generation has increased rapidly due to economic growth and urbanization. According to the World Bank, the rate of increase in waste generation rates will be fastest in Africa and Asia in the near future. For example, the waste discharged from sub-Saharan Africa over the next two decades is expected to triple. China will overtake the United States in 2004.
It is now the world's largest solid waste emission country. In many cities in developing countries, it is still difficult to provide the people with waste recovery and appropriate processing systems. As a result, the atmosphere, water and soil are contaminated, and public health has a negative impact. However, proper waste management can create employment opportunities and reduce the ecological footprint of society.

Therefore, in the policy and institutional design of solid wastes, we suggest that we should aim to minimize the generation of waste and to make the best use of waste material reuse and recycling. Technological innovations are often seen as answers to modern waste problems.　But what can we learn from the historical methods that the great ancient societies, such as the Aztec tribe of the Mexico, were taking advantage of? How will past systems, such as Aztec waste management and resource utilization, relate to the modern world?

Due to deforestation, the Yangtze River floods 1998.9.15

Due to long-term flooding in the Yangtze River basin, China's experts say that the cause is the view of environmental destruction caused by deforestation. The view that the water retention capacity of the basin decreases by the decrease of the forest, and the sediment inflow of topsoil pushes up the change going to the riverbed. The forest area ratio of the Yangtze River basin decreased from 22% in the 1950s to 10% in the 1980s. The nagae was always clouded by the sediment inflow, and the voice of romantic "Nagae became the second Yellow River".

Temperature rise 2 degrees to 2.5 degrees fixed 1998.09.15

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in the United Nations is expected to significantly increase the predicted temperature rise of global warming until the year 2100 from 2 degrees C to 2.5 degrees C. The amount of fine particles reflecting solar rays in the atmosphere is likely to decrease in the future. This fine particle is caused by SOX and other countries, but it is predicted that the amount of the outbreak will be significantly below the initial forecast as China and other developing nations try to prevent air pollution.

The season when the dense fog PM2 5 is coming②

The serious PM2 and five problems in such China will have to be expected not to be able to be finished in a mere "fire on the opposite shore", and to receive an enormous influence Japan for the future. PM2-5, which is the source of China's origin, has always flown to the Japan westerly. In the Kanto region, there has been no warning from the reason why observations do not reach the level of attention.

However, in western Japan, which is close to China, the each province has been carefully aroused since March of this year. The symposium, which is titled "The Road to ecological civilization and green Development" (jointly sponsored by Seika Univ., Nomura Research Institute), is held in China by scholars and experts of the day, and the improvement of the environmental law of the Chinese PM2. The center is centered on discussions within the scope of the investigation of compensation and remedies for pollution victims. According to the Professor Zhang Gon of Seika, the environmental measures involved the interests of the government departments and companies, "it is difficult to actually execute the relevant law" at present. The Chinese government is less concerned about the impact on the Japan of PM2 and 5. Japan government also does not try to touch deeply about PM2 5.

There seems to be a meeting at the level of practitioners, but we have not been reported on the content. In such a time, PM2 and 5 from China are surely diffused into the Japan islands, and it is undermining our health. In addition, it binds with moisture in the air, and if it rains, it becomes "acid rain", sunlight to the earth, and destroys the natural environment. It is called "Aerial demon" in China. If you continue to leave this state, not only Japan, Korea, Taiwan such as neighboring countries will be the hardest hit is no doubt.

Health damage, of course, forests wither, farmland and lakes acidified, the structure of the building and buildings-it leads to such a serious situation to deteriorate to the battered by acidified.

It is not the conclusion of "Japan-China PM2 5 Diffusion Prevention Treaty" in both countries between Japan and China in daytime to hear the mask for the PM2 and 5 measures not to be able to sell production to fly at the concession shop at the airport in the Beijing line. The Japan holds the world's largest desulfurization, denitration technology, and exhaust gas countermeasure technology.

It is an urgent task to share these technologies in both countries and to achieve new technological innovations. Century in the 21st century the environment. It is an important issue that the global environmental preservation and conservation which traces the aggravation should be the highest priority, and is not the age of the demarcation of the territory of the twentieth century type and the territorial waters?

The season when the dense fog PM2 5 is coming①

In each of the cities in China, the arrival of a full-fledged winter, the heating by the poor quality coal combustion is applied, further "dense fog" (photochemical smog) by PM2-5 (micro particulate matter) is expected to occur frequently. Depending on the region, visibility has deteriorated to less than 50 meters even for a full year. In the northeast, Harbin is not seen five meters away. The effects of highway closures and flight cancellations and delays, as well as the impact on civil life, have been significant.

Especially, there is a concern about the remarkable health damage of the citizens. In the winter months in Beijing, the city has been covered with dense fog, so Japanese companies are taking precautions to refrain from going out to employees and other measures such as providing subsidies for purchasing air purifiers.

It is said that the number of expatriate employees who think about their families ' return home is increasing. In the first place, PM2-5 is a micro-particulate matter below the diameter 2.5 micrometer (Micro 1-millionth) contained in thermal power plants and plant smoke, automobile exhaust gases, fine dust, etc. Because it is easy to penetrate to the depths of the lungs, it induces asthma and lung cancer.

In the Japan of the high-growth period, Kawasaki Asthma and Yokkaichi caused asthma. Sulfur oxides (so 2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in PM2 and 5 are generated by burning coal, petroleum, etc. The main sources of sulfur oxides are steel mills, power plants, factories, etc. The source of the nitrogen oxide is similar to the sulfur oxide, other automobiles, ships, it is discharged in large quantities from the mobile sources such as aircraft. Dense fog in urban areas are due to sulfur oxides. Both are causative agents of air pollution, causing the collapse of ecosystems (planting and biological mortality), health hazards, etc. By the way, it is said that every year in China, about 500,000 people die from respiratory diseases.

Paradigm shift in the century of the environment

Environmental degradation rapidly advances in the 21st century. The Japan, which has reached the extension line of manufacturing, has become an environmental technology nation capable of exporting and transferring a variety of equipment and equipment.

This transition that has been traced can contribute to the Asian farming region and is fulfilled in the national interest. The current administration is trying to export a war-inducing weapon that inspires the "maximum incentive for environmental destruction" and a high environmental risk nuclear power plant as a national policy. Environmental and pollution problems are inevitable in developing countries such as China and Asia as industrialization and urbanization.

When we think about it, the standing position which should contribute naturally is clear, and the international credibility and the national interest of Japan can be demonstrated here. The twentieth Century is the "Century of the Environment" in which a sustainable economy and society are required to share the Earth's goods fairly in the days of the Territory, military alliance to delineate territorial waters, and trade treaties.

Environmental risk aversion is not merely a response to changes in the natural environment, but also a comprehensive view of the environmental risks of a highly environmentally-intensive war. The environmental industry is different from the weapons and nuclear power industries by some companies, and they are expanding to all industries and small and medium-sized companies in primary, secondary and tertiary industry.

Understanding CO2 circulation on a global scale 1998.09.15

30 organizations in the Ministry Geological Survey and other government and academia began joint research to clarify CO2 circulation mechanism on a global scale. We investigated the growth and vegetation distribution of plants mainly in the western Pacific water temperature, chloroplasts, Japan and China, and estimated the primary production volume of global carbon in 4KM square. In addition, we observe the carbon balance other than photosynthesis, such as methane gas generated from soil and sedimentation of plankton to the seabed. Plan to create a carbon cycle map of the Earth in the fifth fiscal year.

Asthma incidence over the time of the former Yokkaichi 1998.10.15

Katsumi Yoshida, professor Emeritus Mie Univ., was examining about 5400 elementary school children in the city of China and Honxi, where iron and steel is not sparing, and it is clear that the rate of asthma symptoms is about 9% in the sixth grade of the central part of the city and about 11% of women. When investigating the 1000 elementary school students in Yokkaichi to 82 people in the Japan, the sulfur dioxide concentration in the 1995 fiscal Year of Hon Xi is 0. At 051PPM, it is twice as serious as the pollution in Yokkaichi.

The return of Minamata disease - Marine pollution of plastic waste becomes serious 2

increase 500 billion copies a year. The pet bottle is consumed one million per minute as a beverage container. In developed countries, the aim is to stop using plastic straws and to improve recycling, but these disposable products are only 9%. Efforts have been made to reduce disposable plastics over and over again, but the status quo continues to increase rather than decrease. The shopping bag used in the convenience store has increased recently, too. Though it is a developing country to put out a lot of plastic garbage, China which has imported the waste plastic of the developed country up to now also started the restriction. In addition to the measures of only one country in the developed countries, as well as global warming measures, it is now being demanded by the world-wide approach. From the conventional petroleum-based plastic as a part of the plastic waste measures the creation chance of new industry of green PLA, the movement of promoting the use of paper and biodegradable plastic (green plastic) derived from natural plants has come out. In the development of new materials, Japan of the world's top runners, material development makers are facing a big business opportunity. Eco-friendly green plastic technology has already been seen as standby. The scale of GDP (gross national product) competing on the extension of human desires is at a marginal value. There were countries that had previously cut down tropical forests and exported timber to expand their GDP. On the other hand, countries that have reduced green and forest resources have long stalled in the country's power. We are now seeking to break away from the conventional supremacy of GDP.

The research subcommittee was established with distributed energy 1999.04.15

The Japan Mechanical Society of Japan will start from April with the participation of 26 researchers from the university and dozens of companies in the Research Subcommittee on the use of ultra-small gas turbine distributed energy systems. Since the micro gas turbine with an individual polymer type fuel cell and less than 200kw output is likely to spread to offices and households in Asia or Japan, mainly in China as a distributed power supply. The market is forecast with technical research.

To feed more than fertilizer ①

Food waste situation of Japan about the development of the environmental business market in China for eight days, we conducted a company visit from each region, but what I felt most in this time was that the leftovers (food loss) in the dinner surrounding the round table has decreased considerably. The reason is that eating habits which order the proper amount of food which wants to eat to reduce the foods loss are expanding if it hears it. Aside from that, the amount of food waste in our country remains the top class in the world.

How has the vast amount of food waste been processed in Japan now? It is said that food waste of 20 million to 2,500 million tons per year is discharged to the Japan not less than 40% food self-sufficiency rate from fertilizer to feed. This is one year's worth of food that will cover 80 million people in the world. By the way, nearly 20 million people died in the year due to hunger. About 70% of the children starve to death. More than half a million tons of food waste discharged in the Japan are from the food industry. The basic stance of this country is how to reduce the number of things that came out of this crime rather than the efforts to produce a huge waste of food. It's a guy called coping therapy. I followed the coping therapy. Speaking of recycling of food waste, there were many cases to be fertilizer, such as poor profitability as a business to ensure the quality of the fertilizer, recently increased livestock feed than fertilizer. Because the Japan relies on imports of about 90% or more of the feed, it is better to feed the fodder when considering the stable supply of feed, while soaring grain prices, the main ingredient in feed, will rebound into feed prices. The Government and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry have also recommended "eco-feed (feed of food residue)". In terms of re-resource technology, it is difficult to feed the food waste as a raw material is easily deteriorated and stable supply, and the influence on the meat quality in the nutritional balance side was a drawback, and it has been almost improved now. In addition to the "drying method" (liquid fertilizer) "silage adjustment (raw material is sealed, lactic acid fermentation to prevent the propagation of bacteria)" has been developed, among them, the demand for hog feed is rapidly increasing.

The return of Black Forest - PM2.5

Serious air pollution, water pollution in the people's health damage, the rapid increase of fatalities in the world, China is going through the road of unparalleled pollution power. Currently, the PM2.5 concentration in Beijing is more than 12 times the domestic regulation value Japan at 400 msv.

Recently, PM2.5 has been reported mainly, but it is well known that China's air pollution includes sulfur, nitrogen oxides, dust, Cadnim, lead, etc. It joins with moisture in the air besides "Beijing asthma", and it becomes "acid rain" if it becomes rain though it is the one by the use of the coal and oil etc. with poor quality. In China, they call it the aerial demon. If this acid rain is Shiri to the Japan, the Forest Withers, the lake is acidified as the lemon is squeezed, and the concrete of the building is acidic and deteriorated and battered. Beijing has shown concern about "aerial demons", but it is neglect and neglected without any surgery. If you continue to leave this state, the Japan is sure to suffer a big blow. It is not likely to cover the whole Japan with the dome (roof).
Korea, the neighboring countries such as Taiwan will injured a lot of damage more than the Japan.

In the early nineteenth century, after the industrial revolution in United Kingdom, acid rain destroyed the Germany ' Black Forest ', and the whole of northern Europe was acidified to destroy the natural ecosystem.

Being asked now is not a coping therapy of using "mask" which prevents the polluted air from entering the body. There is a need for root treatment to prevent the spread of air pollutants in various pollutants. The conclusion of the Japan-China air pollution (acid rain) Treaty is considered as a means. It is a concrete approach based on the joint Implementation guidelines in the Convention.

In addition to excellent desulfurization and denitration technology, the Japan possesses technologies such as measures to prevent automobile emissions. How do we share technology between the two countries and fate the joint development of equipment and equipment? It is not a drawing of the territory, territorial waters or airspace. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Ministry of the Environment are facing challenge.

The future of solar power 2

● From the new photovoltaic power generation business to the maintenance and management business. 

Many business offices are trying to change the risks of these solar power generation businesses into opportunities. In the maintenance and management of the fixed-price purchase system, the company has established a new business center for the development of the existing photovoltaic power generation business, and has been able to convert to the support business of the operation, maintenance, and management To develop more efficient products and systems. The venture, which is a small drone business, intends to use drones to create new businesses for the maintenance and management of solar power plants. 

● Energy basic Plan will have a positive effect.

The energy Basic Plan is a new "energy basic Plan" that the government has put out that can become a further tailwind in the future solar power generation business. In this regard, we have decided to accelerate the spread of solar power generation in the medium and long term by positioning the re-energy as the "flagship power supply" for the first time. The goal is to increase the rate of 15% in fy2016 to around 22 to 24% in FY 2016 for renewable energy ratios (including hydroelectric power generation) in all power supply. I hear that it is a big reason why the re-operation of the nuclear power plant does not advance slow. Looking overseas, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said that two-thirds of the world's increased power generation in 2016 accounted for renewable energy such as solar power and wind power. China, the United States, and India are projected to increase to 43% over the next five years.

* According to a new report from the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), the ratio of solar accounts will be 55% of all US electricity so far in 2018.

https://www.businessinsider.com/more-solar-power-than-any-type-of-electricity-2018-6

Handtücher im Wind gewebt

Wir können mit Ideen und Weisheit in das Umweltgeschäft einsteigen. Das Imabari-Handtuch hat sich inzwischen zu einer weltweiten Marke entwickelt, aber es gab auch eine solche Geschichte. Jetzt alt. Es war eine Zeit, in der eine große Menge billiges Handtuch, das in China hergestellt wurde, in den heimischen Markt eindrang. Der Handtuchhändler, der zu einem gewissen Kampf gezwungen war, dachte ... Ist es möglich, die Umweltverträglichkeit anzuwenden, die zu einem Trend für das Produkt wird? Die Idee, die kam, war diese. Erneuerbare Energien und Windkraft in einer Fabrik zu nutzen, die Handtücher webt. Das Unternehmen entschied sich, erneuerbare Energie aus der Windenergie von Shikoku Strom für den Betrieb der Anlage zu kaufen. "Handtücher, die durch Windkraft gewebt wurden", so dass der Name, den man auf das Handtuch setzte, "Handtuchweberei im Wind" war. Als der Markt eingeführt wurde, verkaufte er sich mehr als erwartet. Profitabel. Mit profitablen Mitteln haben wir das Umweltmanagement etabliert und mit der Entwicklung neuer Produkte im Rohstoff biologisch abbaubarer Kunststoff aus Pflanzen begonnen. Ich wurde viele Male als eines der Beispiele für umweltfreundlichen Einstieg mit einem Intellekt und Ideen ohne technische Fähigkeiten vorgestellt. Der Übergang der Anlage danach ist ungewiss.

Towels woven in the wind

We can enter the environment business with ideas and wisdom. The Imabari towel has evolved into a worldwide brand now, but there was such a history, too. Now old. It was a time when a large amount of cheap towel made in China entered the domestic market. The towel trader who was compelled to a certain struggle thought.... adopting the environmental consideration which is becoming a trend to the product. However, those skilled in the art did not have the technology. The idea that came up was this. To use renewable energy and wind power in a factory that weaves towels. The company decided to purchase renewable energy from the wind power generation from Shikoku electric power to operate the plant. "Towels woven by power supplied by wind power", so the name you put on the towel was "towel weaving in the wind". When the market was introduced, it sold more than expected. Profitable. With profitable funds, we established environmental management and started to develop new products in the raw material of biodegradable plastic derived from plants. I was introduced many times as one of the examples of environmental business entry with an intellect and ideas without technical skills. The transition of the plant after that is uncertain.

The future of solar power 2

Gear change from new PV business to maintenance and management business. There are a lot of establishments which try to change the risk of such a solar power generation business to the chance. Maintenance and management by the fixed-price purchase system revision, and from the new development of the conventional solar power generation business, the business office which aims to convert to the support business of the operation, maintenance and management of the existing office, and equipment-related companies, solar cell and power conditioner (Power converter We are embarking on a more efficient product and system development.

The return of Minamata disease - Marine pollution of plastic waste becomes serious 2

According to the United Nations environmental plan continues to increase 500 billion copies a year. The pet bottle is consumed one million per minute as a beverage container. In developed countries, the aim is to stop using plastic straws and to improve recycling, but these disposable products are only 9%. Efforts have been made to reduce disposable plastics over and over again, but the status quo continues to increase rather than decrease. The shopping bag used in the convenience store has increased recently, too. Though it is a developing country to put out a lot of plastic garbage, China which has imported the waste plastic of the developed country up to now also started the restriction.