OPM (U.S. Office of Personnel Management) Information Breach - On the Eve of the 2015 Cyber War

OPM (U.S. Office of Personnel Management) Information Breach - On the Eve of the 2015 Cyber War

In 2015, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) suffered a massive cyber attack by Chinese hackers that resulted in the leak of personal information of approximately 21.5 million government employees and diplomats. This included fingerprint data of approximately 5.6 million people, and was regarded as a serious leak of sensitive information directly related to national security. This incident, which occurred amid shaken confidence in the government's information control after the Snowden scandal, has triggered the realization of cyber warfare between nations. Weaknesses in information management, such as legacy systems and undeveloped encryption regimes, were exposed, and the United States subsequently amended the Federal Information Security Strengthening Act (FISMA). The OPM incident is etched in the history of information security as an event that symbolized the collapse of trust and the dawn of cyber competition among nations.