Chemical Substance Regulation and Ecosystem Protection - History and Current Status from 2006 to 2024
Before 2006: Origins of Regulation and Adoption of the POPs Treaty
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are resistant to degradation, remain in the environment for long periods, and accumulate in organisms, making them a serious issue.
PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyl), DDT, and dioxins were used as industrial waste and pesticides, with PCB production banned in Japan in 1972.
The POPs treaty was adopted in 2001 in Stockholm, Sweden, and came into force in 2004. Japan signed the treaty in 2002 and has since been strengthening its regulations.
Japan's Initiatives in 2006
The emission standard for dioxins was set at 0.1 ng-TEQ/m³, with enhanced monitoring of incineration facilities.
In 2006, Japan reduced dioxin emissions from about 500 g per year to 150 g. At the waste treatment facility in Rokkasho Village, proper disposal of PCB waste was carried out.
Companies like Asahi Kasei and Sumitomo Chemical collected over 1500 tons of PCB equipment, with disposal costs amounting to approximately 5 million yen per ton.
Developments in the 2020s and Strengthened Regulation of New Substances
In the 2020s, PFHxS (Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid) and LC-PFCA (Long-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids) were newly designated for elimination.
These substances were used in fluoropolymer processing and surfactants but raised concerns due to their persistence and toxicity.
Chlorpyrifos (an insecticide) and MCCP (Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins) were also further regulated, with their use restricted at the 2024 POPRC20 meeting held in Rome, Italy, in September 2024.
Japan's Long-term Goals and International Cooperation
Japan aims to reduce POPs-related waste, including dioxins, by 70% by 2030. Preventing illegal dumping is also a priority.
Through the framework of UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), Japan has been promoting technology transfer to countries like the Philippines and Vietnam.
In this way, Japan continues to play a leading role in international cooperation and environmental conservation.
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