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The Invisible Mountain Piling Up in Tokyo: The Difficulty of Securing Disposal Sites 1960 to 1975 Securing disposal sites was always a heavy burden for urban administration. During Tokyo's period of rapid economic growth, the volume of garbage surged, and the development of incineration facilities and intermediate processing could not keep pace, leading to increased reliance on landfill sites. Waste generated in the city center is pushed out to peripheral and coastal areas during disposal. This separation of generation and disposal sites creates a structure of uneven burden distribution. Longer transport distances increase costs and traffic load, while receiving areas face concentrated concerns like odors, pests, landscape changes, and leachate contamination. Even when the necessity is understood, the sentiment that "it's inconvenient nearby" arises, making consensus-building difficult.

The volume aspect also poses serious problems. If the premise of incinerating to reduce volume before landfilling breaks down, near-untreated waste ends up in landfills, accelerating their depletion. While increased incineration and resource recovery extend remaining years, opposition arises against the very siting of facilities. Even if the national average maintains a certain level of remaining years, in land-constrained areas like the Tokyo metropolitan region, securing new sites remains difficult.

The 1971 Tokyo Garbage War was a symbolic event where this structure erupted as social conflict. Koto Ward bore the environmental burden at sites like Yumenoshima, fueling growing discontent. In Suginami Ward, conflict over building a waste incineration plant intensified, raising questions about the distribution of responsibility and burden within the city. With securing inland sites difficult, offshore disposal sites became a receptacle, but this too is not a permanent solution. Garbage does not disappear; it is merely moved to less visible places. Its shadow continues to accumulate quietly, deep within the urban structure.