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The Shadow of the City Pushed Toward the Sea: Tokyo, 1960–1975 Securing final disposal sites has always been a major challenge for urban administration. During Tokyo's period of rapid economic growth, the volume of waste surged dramatically. The expansion of incineration facilities and intermediate processing couldn't keep pace, leading to increased reliance on landfill sites. However, waste generated in the city center is pushed to the periphery when it comes to disposal. This separation of generation and disposal sites creates a structural problem of uneven burden distribution. Longer transport distances increase costs and traffic load, while host communities bear the brunt of odors, pests, landscape degradation, and water quality concerns. As landfill capacity diminishes, authorities face pressure to implement life-extension measures or seek new sites, but candidate locations often encounter strong resident opposition. Deep-seated sentiments about the irreversibility of
acceptance and concerns about future leakage risks make consensus-building difficult. Around 1971, the conflict between Koto Ward, home to Yumenoshima, and Suginami Ward over the planned waste incineration plant site intensified, escalating into the so-called "garbage war." This was a symbolic event where the problem of how to share the burden of disposal sites within cities erupted as social tension.

In large cities, securing vast inland sites is difficult, making marine disposal sites crucial receptacles. The reclamation of Tokyo Port also falls within this framework. However, this too is not a permanent solution. The intertwined issues of volume, location, and consensus make securing disposal sites a recurring challenge. Waste does not vanish beyond the city; it is merely moved to less visible locations, its shadow lingering deep within the urban structure.