History and Current Status of Septic Tank Installation in Japan: Progress and Challenges from the 1990s to the 2020s
From the 1990s, septic tank installation progressed in Japan. Ordinances and plans around Kojima Lake in Okayama Prefecture and the Yoro River basin in Chiba Prefecture promoted regional water quality improvement. In the 2000s, companies like Fujiclean Industries and Kubota developed advanced treatment septic tanks, leading to the widespread adoption of nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies. The 2010s saw increased adoption in post-Great East Japan Earthquake reconstruction housing and for protecting tourist areas. By the 2020s, the nationwide installed base reached 7,516,864 units, with 35.6% being advanced treatment types. However, regional disparities and challenges in maintenance and management remain. Further technological innovation and promotion of adoption are required going forward.
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