Separately Managed Air When the Administration Was Carving Up the World Late 1990s to Early 2000s

Separately Managed Air When the Administration Was Carving Up the World Late 1990s to Early 2000s
From the late 1990s to the early 2000s, Japan's environmental administration was based on a fragmented management system that treated air, water, and soil separately. This institutional design was inherited from the pollution control measures taken during Japan's period of rapid economic growth, and while it was effective for problems with clear causes and damage, it failed to address the reality of an interconnected environment. In the early 2000s, with the introduction of measures against volatile organic compounds, these limitations were recognized, and the concept of "combined pollution" finally began to be shared. Fragmented management is a transitional but inevitable stage, and the atmosphere that has begun to realize its limitations is itself symbolic of the environmental administration of this era.