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Global Warming and Harvest Fluctuations—Challenges and the Future Facing Agriculture Global warming has significantly impacted Japanese agriculture since 2007. In Niigata Prefecture, heat damage to rice crops has worsened, while apple cultivation has shifted northward from Aomori to Hokkaido. In southern Kyushu, mango and dragon fruit production is expanding, but increasing pest populations pose a challenge. The 2020s will see further temperature rises, leading to declines in crop quality and yields. Amidst progress in developing heat-tolerant varieties and pest control technologies, heat-resistant strawberries are yielding results in Nara Prefecture, and banana exports are expanding in Okinawa Prefecture. Despite the impacts of warming, agricultural diversification and technological innovation are supporting sustainability.