157th issue - Technology Summary - August 2007

157th issue - Technology Summary - August 2007

1. The Future of Biofuels
Biofuels have the potential to grow into a massive market in the future. Since around 2005, activity has intensified, and biodiesel fuel (BDF) has spread nationwide. Research and development on ethanol and BTL (bio-liquid fuel) using cellulosic resources are progressing, with expectations for cost-effectiveness that can produce both food and liquid fuel simultaneously. Ultimately, a best mix of fossil fuels and biofuels is expected to be realized.

2. Growth of Eco Funds
Since 2006, eco funds have shown remarkable growth, with increasing investments in companies related to renewable energy, energy conservation, and greenhouse gas reduction. Eco funds, particularly those targeting companies that contribute to global warming prevention, have attracted investor interest. Water resource-themed funds have also garnered attention, and further related fund setups are expected.

3. Spread of Solar Power Systems
In Kyoto, the installation subsidy for solar power systems has progressed, surpassing 700 cases in its fifth year. The subsidy amount has been increased to promote further adoption. Although the initial cost is high, it is expected to be recovered in 30 years, gaining support from environmentally conscious citizens.

4. Ethanol Production from Cellulosic Resources
Research is being conducted on ethanol production from cellulosic resources such as rice straw and wood. While cellulosic resources are highly energy-efficient, there are challenges in the high costs associated with preprocessing. As research progresses, improvements in energy balance are anticipated.

5. Environmental Technology in the Paper and Pulp Industry
In the paper and pulp industry, the material utilization of lignin is advancing, with progress in its use for epoxy resins and adhesives. Additionally, water consumption reduction technology development is emphasized, with water usage in the papermaking process reduced to one-fourth of what it was over the past 35 years. Further technological development is expected.

6. Research and Development of Rare Metal Substitution Technology
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry are advancing technology development related to rare metals. Research is progressing on surface treatment technology using aluminum alloy as a substitute for zinc and the development of nano-particle self-forming catalysts as substitutes for precious metals. This is expected to lead to the practical application of new materials that maintain conventional properties while reducing the use of rare metals.

7. Reuse of Wastewater
In Japan, the reuse of wastewater is progressing, particularly with increased adoption in large-scale buildings. The effective use of water resources is promoted through the reuse of rainwater and treated water. Implementation based on comparisons with water and sewage charges is being promoted, and the development of infrastructure options in response to water risk is required.

8. Development of DME (Dimethyl Ether) Technology
DME is gaining attention as a clean fuel that does not emit SOx or PM. A demonstration plant in Hokkaido has started operation, and the production of liquid fuel from biogas is being considered. The liquefaction of biogas, which is generated by methane fermentation, is expected as a new application.

9. Development of a Wave-Powered Boat
Environmental adventurer Kenichi Horie has developed and test-ran the world's first boat powered by waves, the "SUNTORY Mermaid II". This boat aims for an eco-friendly voyage utilizing natural energy. Horie plans to challenge a voyage from Hawaii to Japan in 2009.

10. New Solar Power Generation Technology
A waterproof sheet incorporating an amorphous silicon solar cell module in film form has been developed. The "Sunroid DN Solar Sheet" significantly reduces the load compared to traditional power generation systems installed on roof frames, offering greater flexibility in installation. It is attracting attention as a new technology that realizes both solar power generation and waterproofing.