45-en-gijutsu-1998-04-まとめ-環境技術-英語

45-en-gijutsu-1998-04-まとめ-環境技術-英語

1. Progress in Cost Reduction of Solar Power Generation
Solar power generation systems have seen cost reductions through integration with roofing materials and module improvements. Misawa Home developed a system that integrates solar panels with roofing materials, offering a 20% cost reduction compared to conventional systems. Further cost reductions are expected by 2001, which will likely accelerate adoption.

2. Development of Biodegradable Plastic Evaluation Standards
European evaluation standards for biodegradable plastics, known as the "OK Compost" label, have been established. In Japan, Showa Denko obtained the first certification in 1997. Biodegradable plastics are gaining attention as environmentally friendly materials, but challenges in pricing and reliability remain in the Japanese market.

3. Rapid Spread of Natural Gas Vehicles
The number of natural gas vehicles doubled within a year from 1997, surpassing 2,000 units. Major transport companies and private enterprises have been leading the adoption, with light vehicles and trucks being the most popular. The construction of CNG stations is also progressing, supporting further adoption.

4. 100% Recycled Newspaper Paper
Daio Paper Corporation began full-scale production of 100% recycled newspaper paper. New facilities at their Iwaki plant enable this initiative, marking the first attempt in Japan. Adoption by major newspapers in the eastern regions of Japan is underway, promoting recycling and reducing environmental impact.

5. Improvement of Recycling Rates and End-of-Life Vehicle Measures
Automakers aim to increase the recycling rate to over 90%, focusing on reusing parts and integrating materials. Toyota has developed technologies to neutralize and recycle shredder dust, improving the efficiency of end-of-life vehicle processing. This is expected to enhance the overall recycling rate of vehicles.

6. Introduction of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)
Companies like Daikin and Sony have introduced LCA to evaluate the environmental impact of their products, optimizing energy consumption and resource use during the product development stage. Emphasis is placed on energy efficiency and product longevity, contributing to reduced environmental impacts.

7. RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) Waste-to-Energy Initiatives
Waste-to-energy projects utilizing RDF are gaining attention, with companies like Itochu and Kawasaki Steel leading the way. These initiatives aim to effectively utilize waste and expand energy resources. Most projects are led by local governments, with major companies playing a significant role.

8. Soil Contamination Survey and Countermeasures
The Environmental Agency conducted a survey in 1996, identifying 782 cases of soil contamination nationwide. Heavy metal contamination is particularly severe, necessitating measures such as soil removal and the development of remediation technologies. Local governments are also actively addressing the issue.

9. Tokyo's Waste Reduction Activities
Tokyo Metropolitan Government has been promoting waste reduction activities, focusing on the reuse of paper materials. From July to September 1997, they achieved a 41% reduction in combustible waste. Additionally, electricity usage was reduced by 9% and water usage by 6%. This initiative is expected to influence other municipalities.

10. Progress in Vehicle Recycling
The Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) has set a goal to increase the vehicle recycling rate to over 95%. Key challenges include improving processing efficiency for end-of-life vehicles and neutralizing shredder dust. Toyota has introduced technology to recover fuel gas from waste, contributing to these efforts.