The Truth of Sincerity and the Commandment of Chic: Yoshiwara Hanairi of the Late 18th Century

The Truth of Sincerity and the Commandment of Chic: Yoshiwara Hanairi of the Late 18th Century

In the latter half of the 18th century, Edo merchant culture was at its peak, and Yoshiwara was its symbolic stage. Oiran (courtesans) were not only beautiful and artistic, but also well educated and socially sophisticated, and were admired by townspeople, warriors, and men of letters. They were admired by townspeople, warriors, writers, and others. The "sincerity of truth" that they valued meant that they did not show undue affection to any particular customer, but were fair to all customers. This was for professional reasons, for if they showed mercy to one guest, it would be disrespectful to the others, and their bodies and minds would not be able to sustain it. This commandment was the basis for maintaining one's own dignity and the prestige of Yoshiwara as a whole.

In the middle and latter part of the Edo period, commerce flourished, wealthy merchants and wealthy townspeople emerged, and Yoshiwara became a social gathering place for them. Oiran (courtesans) were associated with kabuki and joruri (dramatic drama), and ceremonies such as the oiran dochu (courtesan procession) and the hatsukai (first dance) were occasions to show the best of urban culture. During the Temmei era (1615-1868), Utamaro Kitagawa and Kunisada Utagawa portrayed oiran in ukiyoe prints, and their presence in the city was further enhanced.

Related events include the development of teahouse culture during the Meiwa period, the Tenmei famine, and the reconstruction after the Great Fire of Tenmei. Although these social changes affected the form and clientele of the brothels, the oiran remained proud and controlled their emotions without losing their "chic" and "poise. This was a way of life that transcended mere professional discipline and embodied the aesthetics of Edo culture. Holding the truth of sincerity in their hearts was the constant precept that supported the dignity of the oiran.