History and Current Status of EU Hazardous Waste Export Controls
In 1995, the EU banned the export of hazardous waste and strengthened measures to combat environmental pollution caused by improper disposal, especially in African and Asian countries; in the 2000s, it aimed to increase recycling rates through waste transport regulations and the WEEE Directive; in the 2010s, it promoted the transition to a circular economy and set a goal to significantly increase waste recycling rates by 2030. In 2018, China's waste import ban led to a shift of exports to Southeast Asia, but these countries are also tightening regulations, banning plastic waste exports in the 2020s, and promoting the recycling of rare earth elements. The EU continues to strengthen regulations, but the challenge is to realize a circular economy and strengthen cooperation among member countries.
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