103-Environmental Destruction Summary-February 2003

103-Environmental Destruction Summary-February 2003

1. Introduction of Forest Environment Tax (Kochi Prefecture, February 2003)
Kochi Prefecture, where 84% of the area is forested, faces significant issues due to the decline of forestry, such as lack of thinning, leading to a decrease in water retention capacity and soil erosion. To address this, the prefecture introduced a forest environment tax, adding 500 yen to the resident tax to promote forest conservation and water resource protection. In particular, utilizing biomass technology by using thinned wood is expected to help restore the forest's water retention capacity and improve river environments. The introduction of the forest environment tax is also being considered in Kanagawa and Okayama Prefectures.

2. Restoration of Ecosystems and Water Source Purification (Terraced Rice Fields, February 2003)
Terraced rice fields, due to their characteristics, have a water retention capacity comparable to that of dams and play a crucial role in water source conservation. However, the management of these fields has been neglected due to changes in agricultural policies, leading to a decline in water retention capacity. By promoting the preservation and utilization of terraced rice fields, it is expected to contribute to preventing water pollution and reduce the contamination of water and soil caused by pesticides and chemical fertilizers. The preservation of terraced rice fields is also an important initiative for local water source protection.

3. Impact of Invasive Species on Ecosystems (February 2003)
The cultivation of invasive species in Japan has adversely affected ecosystems. In particular, the cultivation of non-native crops threatens local vegetation and biodiversity. In response, the government has strengthened import regulations on invasive species and is promoting biomass technology and sustainable agriculture as part of its efforts. By introducing material circulation systems, both ecosystem protection and regional economic revitalization can be achieved.

4. Decrease in Water Retention Capacity Due to Deforestation (February 2003)
Globally, 9.04 million hectares of forests are being logged annually, particularly in Southeast Asia and African countries, where rapid development is progressing. This has led to the loss of forests' water retention capacity, resulting in environmental problems such as floods and droughts. In Japan, deforestation due to dam construction is also progressing, and water conservation has become a challenge. Forest regeneration is urgently needed to improve water quality.

5. Excessive Groundwater Consumption and Land Subsidence (Tokyo, Osaka, February 2003)
In Tokyo and Osaka, excessive groundwater use is causing land subsidence. Over-extraction of groundwater for industrial and agricultural purposes has hindered groundwater recharge, leading to subsidence. Additionally, irrigation has caused salinization, and sustainable groundwater management is urgently needed.

6. Water Shortages and International Conflicts (Africa, February 2003)
By 2025, it is predicted that about half of the world's population will face water shortages, and approximately 500 million people, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, are already struggling to secure safe drinking water. Water resources are becoming a source of international conflict, and Japan is expected to contribute through technical assistance to help resolve these issues.

7. Efficient Use of Agricultural Water (February 2003)
Agriculture accounts for about two-thirds of the world's water consumption, and improving its efficiency is a key issue. In countries like the United States and China, where large-scale agriculture is prevalent, efforts are underway to introduce water-saving technologies. Alongside the efficient use of water, it is also essential to develop technologies that prevent water pollution caused by pesticides and fertilizers.

8. Water Conflicts Between Urban and Rural Areas (February 2003)
As industrialization progresses, conflicts over water resources between urban and rural areas have intensified. In many cases, increased water demand in urban areas leads to the depletion of rural water sources, creating social problems. Improving water resource management is urgently required.

9. Importance of Japan's Water Environment Technology (Developing Countries, February 2003)
Japan's water environment technology plays a crucial role in developing countries experiencing rapid industrialization. Technologies for wastewater treatment and rainwater utilization are particularly valuable in reducing environmental burdens while supporting economic growth. The international deployment of Japan's water environment technology is expected to gain attention, especially in Asia and Africa.

10. Deforestation and Loss of Biodiversity (February 2003)
About 9.04 million hectares of forest are lost annually, especially in the Amazon and Southeast Asia, leading to the rapid disappearance of habitats for various species. This disrupts the balance of ecosystems and is expected to negatively impact both the local environment and economy in the long run.