Suspended particulate matter (SPM) refers to microscopic particles suspended in the air, primarily generated by industrial activities and the combustion of fossil fuels. These particles are categorized by size, such as PM2.5 and PM10, with different health impacts depending on their size. PM2.5, in particular, is small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs, posing a high risk of health damage.
According to global health impact assessments, it is predicted that the number of infant deaths caused by SPM will reach 1.4 million by 2020. In developing countries such as Africa, India, and China, air pollution is a severe issue, with coal combustion and vehicle emissions being the primary causes. These regions have high concentrations of PM2.5, increasing the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
The impact of SPM is not limited to short-term health damage but also increases the risk of chronic diseases in the long term, potentially leading to premature death. The effects are particularly pronounced among vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, who have weaker immune systems. Furthermore, in developing countries, inadequate healthcare infrastructure exacerbates the health impacts of SPM.
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